Serial Killers And Society Essays - Crime, Murder, Psychopathy

Sequential Killers and Society The nineteen-seventies was a mind blowing decade. It was a decade of progress, one of opportunity, a period for incredible music. It was too an amazing decade for stun, dread and sequential executioners. John Wayne Gacy, a novice jokester, was a pedophiliac gay. He tormented and slaughtered thirty three young men and put away their remaining parts under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, followed New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He asserted to have been following a voice from his pooch that revealed to him when and where to slaughter. Ted Bundy, who is accepted to have slaughtered in any event thirty-four individuals, was charged for just three under his own protection also, indeed, he was lauded by the appointed authority for his own protection. He was put to death. With the mix of a ground-breaking media and a general public entranced with horrifying, savage wrongdoings, present day sequential executioners have been placed at the center of attention. We are delighted with sequential executioners so much, that we pay seven dollars to go see a film where everybody but the miscreants gets choked, mangled, or shot-and appreciate it in some debilitated manner. The media makes a special effort to glamorize murder furthermore, alarm general society. We bolster executioners like Charles Manson on Death Row with our duty dollars. Truth be told, we bolster them with additional than that. Around two months prior there was a craftsmanship appear in California entitled: The Death Row Art Show III. Pieces sold for a huge number of dollars paying little mind to their stylish intrigue, in view of the character of the craftsmen. Sequential executioners are turning out to be as well known as demigods. Sequential executioners are an improvement of the mechanical world; they truly didn't come to fruition until the late eighteen-hundreds when society was getting modernized and the danger of the new age kind of dislodged a few people so much they believed they needed to slaughter to get their point across to society. Jack the Ripper is likely the most famous executioner in history since he built up the sequential executioner profile. Ripper set up an example for the new line of mass killers who might follow in the custom of a genuinely sorted out executioner. He had a sexual fixation on whores that drove him to target total outsiders for a days work. At the point when he was done, he spread his casualty out in a ceremonial way with different gutted things set deliberately close by the casualty's cadaver. Obviously, murder has been around for quite a long time, submitted by under-instructed cheats. Nobody was keen on meeting, and hearing about a helpless worker that cut someones throat in a dull rear entryway. Be that as it may since the time the presentation of sequential executioners into our general public, with their exactness and technique of the homicide, the media became intrigued with these individuals, thus did society. So rather than slaughtering or rebuffing these terrible individuals, we presently have TV systems contending over film rights to the executioners story. News appears battling to get the selective meeting. Shirts with the executioners faces on them(e.g.. the well known Manson T-shirt). The main clarification I can offer is that we are as yet fixated on our own mortality, and we generally will be. For whatever length of time that we kick the bucket, we'll be interested by the individuals who appear to be invulnerable from death like, sequential executioners, Hitler...its nearly as is we like to see the demonstration of death itself, again and again, to watch the specific second or what it is that puts us over that amazing verge among life and passing. I can genuinely say I am intrigued with the sequential executioner. Be that as it may since when did we approve the act of sequential executioners? For what reason aren't they put to death speedily in the wake of being indicted, rather than being saved alive for the media to meet? You need to ponder who is bringing in cash in this. At the point when we permit individuals like this to rule our media, it resembles we're stating its okay to kill. Did society and the media overlook that the casualties of those sequential executioners are us and our families? Its not the sequential executioners that influenced the twentieth century so much, however the spotlight that permitted them to develop. Perhaps notwithstanding

The Impact of Private Education In Saudi Arabia On Expatriate Teachers Research Proposal

The Impact of Private Education In Saudi Arabia On Expatriate Teachers And Students - Research Proposal Example 3. Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The Research Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Points and Objective of the Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14The Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Factual Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Dynamic The effect of tuition based schools in Saudi Arabia on exile instructors and understudies is the enthusiasm of this exploratory examination. Utilizing subjective strategy for look into, the analyst will similarly investigate the lives of families and their comparing kids in the nation, their encounters in managing Arab and different societies, the critical encounters that exile educators can reclaim to their separate nations, and recognize the kind of tertiary training that understudies in the host nation can go to later on. The analyst will utilize the subjective unmistakable technique for investigate. In the assortment of educational information, the analyst will lead a meeting on ostracize educators and understudies in their particular schools in Saudi Arabia. These information will incorporate school execution or accomplishment scores, culture of the schools, culture of the ostracizes educators and understudies, rundown of advantages for the exiles instructors and understudies, and execution of the exile educators and understudies. The gathered information will be registered measurably for mean, middle, mode, percentile rank, and relative recurrence. Part 1 Presentation Ordinarily, instruction of a nation's residents is left to those individuals who have picked up... This examination basically centered around the data given by the non-public schools in Saudi Arabia. The respondents of the investigation are the exile instructors and understudies. The Local instructors and understudies were excluded from this examination. The specialist went over various books, diaries, and online assets. The investigations which were discovered pertinent to the current day explore are referenced beneath. This report makes an end that the Saudi Arabian government understood the requirement for its nationals to be powerful conversationalist with the world. This was driven by its broad oil and totals items fare to different nations. For instance, ARAMCO in 1968 made a verbal correspondence program for remote tongue tutoring. This was outfitted towards yields or individuals that are acquainted with various tongues. Having picked up the essential discussion instruments, these individuals were posted and utilized by the Saudi government to numerous touchy territories of the business element. Then again, due to the oil trade business of Saudi Arabia, a few nationals need to go to outside nations to close arrangements and complete related exchanges. All these as far as anyone knows require the capability in communicating in and perusing unknown dialect as the Saudi nationals can not generally depend on language interpreters. In addition, Mecca in Saudi Arabia is the Islamic gathering place f or journey. Consequently, Muslims from remote nations normally desire the strict ceremonies.

Structure and Uses of Ibuprofen

Structure and Uses of Ibuprofen Dynamic The Controlled-discharge measurements structures are detailed to discharge the medications dynamic fixing bit by bit and typically over an all-encompassing timeframe that is something like 12 to 24 hour term. â€Å"These definitions conceivably accommodate more noteworthy viability in the treatment of ceaseless conditions through progressively steady conveyance of the prescription; decreased reactions; more prominent comfort; and more elevated levels of patient consistence because of a disentangled measurements plan, contrasted and those of quick discharge drugs†. Ibuprofen is a drab, crystalline strong which is having a low dissolvable cutoff points in water yet it is having a superior solublity in most natural solvents. â€Å"The principle point of this work is control the arrival of medication by embodying it in to covering materials like fattyacids (palmiticacid and pluronic F-127). Typifying of ibuprofen by utilizing freeze drying procedure in this strategy Ibuprofen is embodied in to the fattyacid and pluronic (F127), these covering materials have the property of controlling the arrival of medication when the covered medication is entered in to the body the covering materials which encompassed to the medication is control the arrival of drug†. The arrival of exemplified ibuprofen is dictated by Flow through disintegration and UV-noticeable spectroscopy. Presentation 1. IBUPROFEN Ibuprofen is a lackluster, crystalline strong which is having an incredibly low dissolvability limits I instance of water yet it is having comparabelly better solvent cutoff points if there should be an occurrence of natural solvents. The combination of ibuprofen was initially detailed in 1964 from Ï -isobutyl-lacetophen yet the medication was not promoted in the United States until 1974 in spite of the way that it had been accessible for quite a while in Europe. â€Å"It was the indomethacin and was quickly acknowledged in treatment. Its prosperity was a factor in the presentation of numerous new specialists during the 1970s. Ibuprofen was the first aryl propionic corrosive subsidiary to be showcased in the United States†. This synthetic class presently includes the biggest gathering of NSAIDs under scrutiny with upwards of 25 subsidiaries in different phases of improvement. â€Å"It as of late turned into the principal remedy NSAIA to open up as an over the counter pain r elieving in very nearly 30 years and is avialble under various exchange names, It is additionally now and again known as: Advil, Anadin Ibuprofen, Arthrofen, Brufen, Retard, Cuprofen, Fenbid; Galprofen, Hedex Ibuprofen, Ibufem; Librofem; Mandafen; Manorfen; Migrafen; Motrin; Nurofen; Obifen; Relcofen maybe being among the more broadly utilized. The proceeding with prominence of ibuprofen is prove by the appearance 200 physician endorsed sedates in the United States†. IUPAC name : 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl) phenyl] propanoacid, Equation : C13H18O2, Sub-atomic mass : 206.28, Softening point : 76  °C (1. 69  °F) Bioavailability : 49-73, Protein restricting : 99%, Digestion : Hepatic, Half life : 1.8-2 hours, Discharge : Renal. 1.1 Structure of Ibuprofen Structure of IBUPROFEN Ibuprofen is a white powder having a place with the propionic corrosive subsidiaries, with a dissolving purpose of 74 77â ° C. It is just somewhat dissolvable in water however promptly dissolvable in natural solvents, for example, ethanol. It is a chiral compound; racemic Ibuprofen is normally utilized, albeit just one structure is dynamic restoratively. â€Å"Ibuprofen is comprised of covalently-fortified carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules. 2 CH3 particles are single-clung to a CH atom The CH particle is attached to a carbon molecule that frames a 6-sided ring of carbon atoms†. Another CH particle is single-clung to a carbon iota on the opposite side of the ring. Inside the ring there are 3 twofold bonds between carbon iotas. At that point another CH3 atom and a COOH particle are both single clung to the CH particle on the right. Since it is nonsteroidal, it is generally utilized as it doesn't furious the hormonal balance in the body. Its mitigating, pain relieving (torment easing) and antipyretic (fever lessening) activities are co moderate torment, for example, cerebral pain, toothache, and headache just as manifestations of fever. 1.2 Stereochemistry Ibuprofen contains a chiral carbon in the ∞ position of the propionate moiety. In that capacity, there are two potential enantiomers of ibuprofen, with the potential for various natural impacts and digestion for every enantiomer. Without a doubt it was discovered that (S)(+)- ibuprofen (dexibuprofen) was the dynamic structure both in vitro and in vivo, due to this explanation the ibuprofen is advertised as a solitary enantiomer as happens with naproxen and different NSAIDs. Also, the in vivo analyzes uncovered the presence of an Isomerase (2-arylpropionylco-An epimerase) which changed over (R) - ibuprofen to the dynamic (S)- enantiomer .Most of the ibuprofen details are showcased as racemic blends. Racemic ibuprofen is a significant NSAID utilized in the treatment of agony and aggravation in an assortment of musculoskeletal rheumatic issue. 1.3 Synthesis â€Å"There have been numerous business and research center productions for the amalgamation of Ibuprofen. Two of the most well known approaches to acquire Ibuprofen are the Boot procedure and the Hoechst procedure. The Boot procedure is a more seasoned business process created by the Boot Pure Drug Company, and the Hoechst procedure is a more up to date process created by the Hoechst Company. The vast majority of these courses to Ibuprofen start with isobutyl benzene and use Friedel-Crafts acylation. The Boot procedure requires six stages, while the Hoechst procedure, with the help of impetuses, is finished in just three steps†. Cheminor Drugs have built up a procedure for an improved form of ibuprofen dependent on chiral union. The move is critical given that unadulterated S-Ibuprofen (the dynamic type of ibuprofen) could approach divide the ordinary ibuprofen measurements, other than improving the reaction profile. Anyway the human body can change over the inert (R) structure into the (S) structure, so in the end 100% of the ibuprofen taken gets dynamic. The procedure found by Cheminor is in this way far-fetched to have business essentialness. [6] 1.4 Mechanism of activity: â€Å"Ibuprofen is a NSAID which is accepted to work through hindrance of cyclooxygenase (COX), in this manner hindering prostaglandin amalgamation. There are at any rate 2 variations of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2). Ibuprofen restrains both COX-1 and COX-2. Apparently its pain relieving, antipyretic, and mitigating action is accomplished essentially through COX-2 restraint; though COX-1 hindrance is liable for its undesirable consequences for platelet collection and the GI mucosa†. The job of the individual COX isoforms in the pain relieving, mitigating, and gastric harm impacts of NSAIDs is unsure and various mixes cause various degrees of absense of pain and gastric harm. 1.5 Absorption and digestion: Ibuprofen is quickly assimilated when it is admistered orally we can observer the pinnacle plasma levels are acquired withan 2hours time.† As with the vast majority of these acidic NSAIDs , ibuprofen(pka=4.43) is broadly bound to the plasma proteins(99%) and will interface with other acidic medications which are protein bound. Digestion happen quickly and the medication is about totally discharged in the pee as UN changed medication and oxidative metabolites with in 24 hrs following administration†. Digestion includes fundamentally ω-1and ω-2 oxidation of the Ï -iso butyl side chain, trailed by liquor oxidation of the essential liquor coming about because of the ω-oxidation to the relating carboxylic corrosive. All metabolites are basically in dynamic. At the point when Ibuprofen id directed as the individual enantiomers, the significant metabolites segregated are the (+)- isomers paying little heed to the design of the controlled enantiomer.intrestingley, t he (R)(- )- enantiomer is altered to the (S)- (+)- enantiomer in vivo, representing the perception that the two enantiomers are bioequivalent In vivo. 1.6 Ibuprofen employments: Ibuprofen is utilized to help the manifestations of a wide scope of ailments, for example, cerebral pains, spinal pain, period torment, dental torment, neuralgia, rheumatic torment, solid agony, headache, cold and influenza side effects and joint inflammation. As of late proof has risen proposing that ibuprofen is successful in the treatment of Alzheimers sickness. 1.7 Ibuprofen reactions Ibuprofen is viewed as the first decision medicate in quite a while class because of the low number of symptoms and complexities related with it. The most regular kind of unfavorable response happening with ibuprofen is gastrointestinal. In clinical preliminaries, the level of patients detailing at least one gastrointestinal objections ran from 4% to 16%. Normal Side Effects: stomach upset or disturbance Inconsistent Side Effects: queasiness and additionally retching, obstruction, the runs Uncommon Side Effects: skin disturbances, sluggishness, gastrointestinal dying Ibuprofen has the least rate of gastrointestinal unfavorable impacts, responses of all the non particular NSAIDS. Anyway this lone remains constant if there should arise an occurrence of lower portions of ibuprofen, so over the counter planning of ibuprofen are commonly marked to instruct a most extreme day by day portion with respect to 1,200 mg. 1.8 Risks included 1.8.1 Cardiovascular Risk: Alongside a few different NSAIDs, ibuprofen has been embroiled in raising the danger of myocardial localized necrosis, especially among those incessantly utilizing high dosages. 1.8.2 Risks in Pregnancy: Ibuprofen utilization ought to be dodged in late pregnancy because of danger of untimely conclusion of the pipes veins in the fetal heart. 1.8.3 Risks in Inflammatory Bowel Disease â€Å"Ibuprofen ought not be utilized routinely in people with Inflammatory Bowel Diseas (IBD-Crohns Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)due to its capacity to cause gastric draining and structure ulceration in the gastric coating. Medications, for example, Advil ought to be maintained a strategic distance from in people tormented with IBD. Torment relievers, for example, Tylenol (containing acetaminophen) or medications containing Codeine (which hinders gut a

Pink Floyd Paper - Free Essay Example

Dark side of the moon review The album that I chose to review for this project is my favorite Pink Floyd album, Dark Side of the Moon. Pink Floyd is a four piece psychedelic rock band that originally consisted of Roger Waters on the bass guitar and vocals, Nick Mason on the drums, Richard Wright on the keyboard and backing vocals, and Syd Barrett on vocals and guitar who was eventually replaced with the legend that is David Gilmore. The album was recorded in June 1972 – January 1973 at the Abbey Roads Studios in London England. This was Pink Floyds sixth studio album eighth overall and was released in March of 1973 and was a great success â€Å"Topping the billboard charts for one week it remained on the charts for 741 weeks†¦. With an estimated 45 million copies sold. † (Wikipedia) Pink Floyd is a Psychedelic rock band that came out of Cambridge, England in 196574. he band began playing covers of old American Rhythm and Blues songs until Syd Barrett, their orig inal guitarist, began writing songs and moved the group into the psychedelic rock movement. Pink Floyd said they were influenced by Jimi Hendrix because of the way that he experimented with different sounds and improvised on the guitar. They also were heavily influenced by a band called Can who helped start the psychedelic movement in Europe. Pink Floyd fits well in progressive rock and psychedelic rock genre because they incorporate a lot of different sounds and use many effects in the music they play. They try to replicate and or enhance the effects of mind altering drugs which were very popular during the late 1960’s and 70’s, this is shown in the song â€Å"on the run† where there is a lot of different effects and sounds that may confuse the conventional rock listener. They have also been said to fit in the progressive rock genre because they pushed the boundaries with their music and went beyond the classic verse-chorus based song structures. Pink Flo yd always pushed their music but dark side of the moon was the first time that they went all out using multi track recording, tape loops, and analogue synthesizers which gave it the very unique â€Å"pink Floyd sound† and was the most technically advanced way to produce an album at the time. It was their eighth album and helped introduce a lot of people to their music. The song that helped sell the album was the sixth track â€Å"Money†. Money was very unique compared to the other music of the time because it started off with the sound of money hitting the ground and was not on a conventional 4/4 time but a 7/4 because of the double tracking. Fans had never really heard music put this way and really took well off it. Even though this album was released late in their career many fans consider it the beginning of the real Pink Floyd era. I believe Dark Side of the Moon falls really well in the psychedelic genre because of the unique way they made the album. The alb um is a whole entity in that to its hard to just take out one or a few songs because you wouldn’t be able to grasp what they were trying to present to you. With that being said I chose the songs that I believe were the most unique because they pushed the boundaries of music at the time by incorporating many different kinds of producing techniques and helped people get introduced to the album. The first song on the album â€Å" Speak to me† is a great example of what is to come on the rest of the album and shows off the different producing effects they used like the over dubbing of cash registers which is a foreshadowing of what is to come later on in the album in the song Money. The song starts off with a man arguing with someone about how he can’t explain his anger then transitions to people laughing and a person screaming in the distance and grows louder and louder until the synthesizer takes over and the band enters into â€Å" Breathe†. People g enerally say that these two songs should have been put into one five minute song but it would have changed the feel of the song. This song shows off David Gilmour’s slide guitar and lead vocals in his gentle and warm timbres. The lyrics were written by Roger Waters and he tries to make the listener take notice of the smaller things in life which is different than what people generally see life as which is just to work. The song goes off of a 4 bar measure and has a slow tempo. The song ends abruptly because it is followed immediately by the song â€Å"on the run†. The next song that I’m going to be evaluating is the song â€Å"money†. The song starts off with the sound of cash registers opening and closing which are full of change. They keep a very good harmony during the whole song with the use of different instruments like the tenor saxophone, slide guitar, synthesizers, and piano. The song’s lyrics say that money rules the world and that a person’s social class is determined by how much money they have. It says that money is the root of all evil and so you should share it with people but when you ask they never give you any. Dark Side of the Moon has gone on to be one of Pink Floyds most successful albums and has had a profound effect on other musicians like Phish and David Bowie, and has also been tied to the Wizard of Oz controversy. All in all it was and always will be a landmark in Psychedelic rock.

Marketing Analysis The Field Of Marketing - 2269 Words

In the field of marketing, there are two major objectives. To first figure out what a customer might be in need of. Once that is established, the second main goal is to come up with creative ways to sell customers products. Marketing is all about searching for a purpose of a product and figuring out how to best brand a product for maximum profits. This can be done in many forms. Although, the most common way of persuading a client would be through verbally presenting your thoughts through a conversation or idea pitch. Marketing can be done well through aspects of writing. Peggy Lux, a freshman business seminar profession and a previous Eli Broad College of Business advisor, states that in her years of experience in the business field has allowed to fully understand marketing in many format. She believes that marketing is heavily based off of personal presence, and giving off this presence can be done through well writing. Michigan State junior Julian Makowski ending his third year of marketing classes speaks highly of the process of marketing through writing. He reciprocates Peggy’s ideas of being professional can be in any formats. It is not uncommon for someone in the marketing line of work to sort through ideas and propositions before they would meet with a customer. This is often where a marketer would incorporate writing into their professions. A marketer would not only write down their ideas of how a particular product would work in a customer’s business, they wouldShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : The Marketing Field Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagesas the marketing field becomes more complex, companies need to adopt advertising analytics 2.0 in order to gain a full understanding of marketing strategies the company should implement. 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Cloning Pros And Cons Of Cloning - 1147 Words

Cloning Pros Cons Nicole Hedrick Baker College HSC 402A /Dr. Eric Oestmann/Seminar Two Position/Argument Essay Abstract A clone is where two organisms share the same exact DNA. These two organisms are the same identical replica of each other. In the past, cloning has taken place naturally. For instance, a couple who naturally conceived and gave birth to identical twins or triplets. Today, science and technology has been introduced to where cloning can intentionally be done. Some people see this type of science and technology of cloning as beneficial to society whereas other people find this type of procedure to be inhumane and not beneficial for any purposes. Science has the ethical obligation to present to the public both the†¦show more content†¦Advantages of Cloning Cloning has been a hot topic for decades, because what can cloning provide that would be beneficial to people, animals and the world. There has been tons of research and the pros to cloning would maybe help people have children, there is belief that cloning could be done to replace failing organs, it can be helpful in the rea ch of genetics. A side note genetics would be nice to know more about so when you have children or even yourself you know the diseases you are more likely to have and can be two steps ahead of the disease process all together. I was watching a video made by Zdogg MD and he was talking about genetic testing and what his results where and fully explained things it both perspectives. The link to the video is listed her in the paper and I would recommend people viewing this video and other podcasts. http://zdoggmd.com/incident-report-011/ this link talks about the recently new FDA approved genetic testing. â€Å"Healing and recovery times could be lowered because of cloning also. Using the person’s own cells, they will be able to recover that much faster and that much easier† (Quinonez, 2014). With the medical advancements in today’s society cloning I feel with part of the near feature. Disadvantages of Cloning While playing god is a factor what about the physicians having to do these procedures and actually are hands on with the cloning. There malpractice suits will more in likely be onShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Cloning1109 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Cloning? Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals canRead MorePros And Cons Of Cloning1106 Words   |  5 PagesCloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep s and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. (Cloning Fact Sheet). Pros: . Parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related to them. . Endangered plants and animals can be cloned to saveRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Human Cloning1532 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual’s perspectives, human cloning is something that I feel is unjust. Human cloning is fallacious and immoral due to lack of positive results and lack of liberty to the individual being duplicated. In this paper, I will discuss why human cloning should no longer be considered a means of reproducing and also discuss why the numbers themselves should deter someone from wanting to be cloned. As Leon R. Kass states in his article, â€Å"Cloning of human beings†, the cloning of a human being takes away fromRead MoreThe List Of Pros And Cons Of Human Cloning1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe list of Pros and cons of human cloning Summary: The necessary technology has been created, as evident in the story of Dolly the sheep. People still pose questions such as the role of God in Society. Here is a list of pros of human cloning : It could eliminate defective genes , It is considered as the logical next step in the reproductive technology, It could aid in faster recoveries from injuries, it gives a new meaning to genetic modification. As all things human cloning also has cons. Here isRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Cloning1277 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Cloning Applications and Morality Concerns One fateful afternoon, a father discovers that their beloved pet kitten is deceased on the side of the roadway. The parents are worried about telling their children the sad news because they will be devastated. Luckily, the parents reach out to a company that offers animal cloning. With just a sample of the kitten’s DNA, they can produce an exact match and an identical copy that will soon replace their lost family pet. While this story demonstratesRead MorePros and Cons of Cloning Humans906 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world on 23 February 1997.Soon after the announcement, the media attention was diverted by the possibility of cloning a human. Although the scientists from the Roslin Institute who had made the significant breakthrough with Dolly denied the possibility of creating human clones, the idea was still wide debated about the risks and benefits of human cloning. So, what is cloning? Cloning is a process of generating a new organism by an identical genetic copy of the original donor. The DNA of the twoRead MoreCons And Pros Of Cloning Essay1988 Words   |  8 Pagesmost people think of cloning, they think of a scientist that uses DNA to make an exact replica of someone . Cloning is a lot more complicated and more controversial than that . According to the American Heritage Dictionary Cloning is defined as â€Å"A group of cells, or organism that is descended from and genetically identical to a common ancestor , such as a bacterial colony whose members arose from a single original cell . Ever since August,1,2001 Cloning had been banned .Cloning was banned for manyRead MoreCloning, Pros and Cons Essay2998 Words   |  12 Pagestwo children and their families are coping with waiting on transplants, as they continue to get worse. They may be waiting a year or longer. Is there another way to speed up the waiting process? Cloning as a Possibility? These situations and many others have brought up the topic of cloning. Cloning refers to any process that results in the creation of an identical or almost identical genetic copy of a molecule, cell, or individual plant, animal, or human (Wilson, 2002). Recently, it is beingRead More The Pros and Cons of Human Cloning Essay3781 Words   |  16 Pages The cloning of humans is now very close to reality, thanks to the historic scientific breakthrough of Dr. Ian Wilmut and his colleagues in the UK. This possibility is one of incredible potential benefit for all of us. Unfortunately the initial debate on this issue has been dominated by misleading, sensationalized accounts in the news media and negative emotional reactions derived from inaccurate science fiction. Much of the negativity about human cloning is based simply on the breathtakingRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Human Cloning Essay601 Words   |  3 Pagesbe no diversity what so ever in todays society. Ban human cloning!, Jean Bethke Elshtain author of To Clone or Not to Clone, displays a strong argument as to why human cloning should be banned. Cloning may bring advances in artificial organs, cosmetics, and age reduction; but nevertheless it takes away a humans individuality, uniqueness, and basically that persons right to live his own life. Scientists have high hopes about cloning and what it might bring. They are talking about setting back

Formation Of Contract Under Commercial Law - Myassignmenthelp.Com S

Question: Discuss about the Formation of contract under Commercial Law Answer: FORMATION OF CONTRACT Formation of contracts Q # Law that applies explained How this will affect your business: You may add facts here. What is your aim in dealing with this issue Your policy statement and/or process to achieve the aim Mark Leave blank 1. Formation of contract 1. Advertisement: the first thing in the business policy is to form a proper advertisement with short details which include the policy objectives, time period of policy and the cost they are offering in the contract[1]. The advertisement is the basic thing to attract the people in first look which must be formed in an innovative ways. 2. Dealing with the enquiries: this is a process where the customers always enquire the details of the contract before they accept they accept the offers. The other party who is willing to form the business policy with the customers must give the proper details and must mentioned about every details of the business policy in the contract. The customers must look after the far and details of the contract and the other party who giving the proposal must clear every details of the terms and conditions of the business policy. 3. A process for making offers including: when any contract is formed the both parties must clear their details about the contract where they must include the offers which are offering to the customer. The business policy represents details of the contract about the offer. In the contract the party who giving the offer to the customer must include the counting offers of the contract where they deal with the counter offer if the parties want to negotiate the offer and automatically [2]reject the offer as per the acceptance of that. The counter offer always gives the rights to the both party where they can negotiate their terms with the opposite party and if the terms does not satisfy the party he can reject the offer. 4. The form of accept the offer: a contract can be form in written or verbally. Therefore the parties must have mutual consent that how they made the contract with each other. The both ways can give the priorities to the parties to form the contract. When the contract is formed through a written document, the party who is giving the offer must include all the details of the contract which helps them to form a fair contract and also it must represent their legal intension through the agreement. A business policy always formed through an agreement which helps the parties to deal with the business proposal. The business policy always formed for set a goal for the company for running their business in a smooth way and also gives them the legal value of the contract. The governing body or the board of the managements always formed the contract as per their terms and conditions of the company. As per the policy the company makes their decisions in every business purposes[3] The business policy shows the basic guidelines to every corporate organization to maintain all the duties and the responsibilities for running their business. In the policy it is must include the some details of policies which helps to format the contract with the customers 2 Intention to create legal relations When a contract has been formed it must create legal intension because without the legal conducts the contract will be void The party who is giving the offer must create the contract in a legal way and the contents also represent the legal objectives of the contract. The contract always include the terms of counter offers where the parties can negotiate the terms and if there is any situation has arise that the customer want to reject the contract for a valid reason then he will can do that in a legal way. The common contract law gives the legislature to form the contract in a legal way. 3. Consideration The consideration is the legal values in the contract where the party who give the offer must make promise to another party when they forming the contract. The consideration only made when the one party promise to fulfil the offer to another party However, if A formed a contract with B where it must include the B will give $4000 to A for buying a guitar from him. Here, the $4000 is the consideration of B and the guitar is the consideration of A. It is the form of the common contract law where the consideration has been made before the contract. The doctrine of consideration always give the irrelevancy in many jurisdictions where the commercial litigation relation represents between the given promise and the reflection which is given in the deed and it must includes in the contractual consideration. If there is any lack of consideration then the contract will be void. The promisee must give the consideration to the promisor where it should be sufficient and can be illusory. Consideration always gives the present reflection when the contract had been formed. The duties which includes in the contract are never consider as a consideration of the contract. The promisor never gives the part payment which also recognize as a consideration but it never represents good consideration. 4. Electronic Transaction The Electronic Transaction Act 2002[4] gives the laws and legislature to use the electronic technology for the transaction in business for make the communication with the customers. This law gives the permission to use the email services and any other relevant electronic technologies as per the need for running the business[5] a) The act allows the employees in the business company to email the important documents which related to the business purposes. The email or electronic technology is only usable when the party or the customers [6]give the access of the using the facility to form the contract. It is very usable and consume less time. Through an email any contract can be formed in anywhere with the customers or the parties[7]. A contract can be formed in writing or verbally therefore it can be stated that the email is also a legal way to form the contract between the parties. b) In any business purpose the Electronic Transaction Act 2002 gives the access of using the electronic technology to form the contract. It represents an empowering act where the email is uses as a substitute of paper. It is only allowed the accessibility as per the given order by the parties. The both parties must have the mutual consent to form the contract through the electronic technology. VITIATING ELEMENTS Minor As per the minor contract act, the minors can enter into a contract where they have rights to form the contract as per the principles of contract. The minors who are not complete the age of 18 years but the term of entering into the contract is not enforceable. As per the Minors Contract Act 1969 gives the legislature to the minors to enter into a valid contract where they can legally became one of the party for making the business policy and runs the business. Question Number Factual situation Law applying to these facts Conclusion Minors 1. The minors can accept the offer and entered in to a contract. As per the law it is not enforceable in the legislation but it can be treated as enforceable when the contract is formed with the minor in the sectors of life insurance and employment contract.[8] The Minors Contract Act 1969 gives the legislation to form a contract with minors The both contracts are enforceable against the minors to enter into the contract. 2. The court must give the approval to enter into the contract with the minor. The court approval application must be given by the minor or their guardians and the contract will became enforceable when the minor became adult or aged 18 years. The contract with the minors never enforceable if the intension and the conducts are lawful as per the Minors Contract Act A business may contract with a minor which will not be enforceable. 3. The party can forms the contract with the minors and it must be unenforceable against the minor whereas, the minors can enforce the agreement against another party if they recognize that the agreement was not satisfying the term of valid contract. If the party want to form a contract in a life insurance agreement or want to hire the minor as an employee for the business and if the guardian made the complaint against the party then the court will decide whether enforceable against the minor or not. The sec 6 of the Minors Contract Act 1969 If the court find that the terms of the contract is against the enforceable law then the contract can be disposed. Misrepresentation The conversation and statement Law relating to the statement Set out the conversation N/A 1. 1. An email between an employee and a customer negotiating a contract Subject: negotiation for misrepresentation of contract Dear X customer, We have already received your email about the misrepresentation about the products and you have found some disputes in the product. In the mail you have mentioned that the delivered product was not same as shown to you when you buy that. As per your complaint we have found that there has been a dispute has arrived from us to deliver the products. However as per your mail you want to refund back all the money which you have given to us for the product. We have already investigated the whole process of deliver the goods and according to your mail the product was not working properly. You have also mentioned that our company has failed to provide the products as seen in the pictures and the features of the product. We are always particular about the deliver the products and the quality of the product which is our motivation in our business. You have misrepresent the whole facts and stated that we negligent to provide our service which was not true. Your expectation may fail about our service and misrepresent our service. However we are very sorry that the product was not in good condition but the problem is minor which can be fixed properly. As per the agreement, the customer never gives back the product after the delivery of that good. Our company has take decisions to negotiate the price of the product and we will give the 20% cash back of the price because after we investigate about the disputes that it can be fixed and you can use the product again. We are very sorry for the inconvenience cost. Please co-operate with us. We will provide you our best service. Please reply us through an email and sent us the bank details. Thank You Y employee Date: 00.00.00 Place: XYZ As per the Contractual Remedies Act 1979, the sec- 5 of this act defines the remedies for the misrepresentation for breaches the contract and the other sections from 6 to 10 of this act provide the remedies. 2. Discussion of the remedies As per the above fact, the misrepresentation always shows in the business that the seller may state false statement about the quality and quantity of the products and the buyer faces the damages for the misrepresentation by the seller. As per the Contractual Remedies Act 1979, the sec- 5 of this act defines the remedies for the misrepresentation for breaches the contract and the other sections from 6 to 10 of this act provide the remedies. The damage of the misrepresentation always identified in the sec- 6 of the Contractual Remedies Act 1979 where the party can claim the remedies for the damages. Whereas, incase if the party who face the damage for the misrepresentation by the aggrieved party if they failed to get back the remedies a per the sec- 5 of the Contractual Remedies Act 1979 and the court not give the relief for granting the remedies as per sec- 9 then that party can recover the damages as per sec- 10 of Contractual Remedies Act 1979 which sated the facts of recovery of damages for the misrepresentation by the aggrieved party. However, if the court gives the order to pay any sum should be paid by the aggrieved party to the innocent party who has the damage as per the section 9(2) for the damage[9]. Undue Influence An ILAC approach to this problem should be used. This is a short essay. (200 words maximum) Issue As per the case study, the issue is whether Aldo can use his money in a business and that business will be profitable for him or not. Law As per the contract act the undue influence sated the fact where a person involves himself with the performance where he takes the advantages of the position of power on behalf of another persons place. In the famous case of Hogan vs. Commercial Factors (2006) CA where the actual undue influences have applied. Application As per the case study, Aldo already works under a business for last 7years and when the business owner found that he need some capitals for the business and Aldo have the capital he want that he will invent his capital for the business purposes and he will get the benefits from the business. As per the facts of undue influence, the contract can be made between the two parties of confidence and trust where the manifestly unfair bargain always comes as the result. The relation can be made between the owner of the business who is the trustee and Aldo who is beneficiary in the contract. As both of them works from the last 7 years they already made their relation as per trust[10]. Therefore it can be stated that Aldo has little knowledge about the business and if the business owner uses this capital for the lack of the capital amount in his own persona reason therefore if the business owner cheats with him then he will loss his capital money that only left for him. Conclusion According to the case study, Aldo can invest his capital in the business but he must form a proper agreement with the owner where the terms and condition must include the facts of undue influence which must protect him. REMEDIES Remedies Type of Breach Explain Law refer section and define Fact example Actual Actual breach of contract is a part of breach of contract when one party breaches the terms of the contract and not able to satisfy the parties to perform as per the contract. An actual breach occurs when one person refuses to fulfil his or her side of the bargain on the due date or performs incomplete as per the contract. Sometimes, on the due date of performance parties fail to perform their obligations. In such cases, the other party is discharged from the performance of his obligations and can hold the guilty party liable for the breach of contract. X agreed to sell his shop to Y on 21st June. But on 21st June X refused to sell the shop to Y. On Xs refusal to sell the shop, there occurred a breach of the contract. And Y can hold X liable for the breach of contract. But sometimes the party, who has failed to perform the contract on due date, subsequently expresses his willingness to perform the same. In such cases, whether he can perform the contract or not will depend upon the fact whether or not the time was the essence of the contract Anticipatory Anticipatory breach occurs when one party announces, in advance of the due date for performance, that he intends not to fulfil his side of the bargain as per the contract. It occurs when prior to the due date of performance, the promisor absolutely refuses or disables himself from the performance of his obligations. In other words, it is a declaration by one party of his intention not to perform his obligations under the contract. Thus, the anticipatory breach is the premature destruction of the contract which is the repudiation of the contract before due date of performance. The party may treat the contract as discharged and bring an immediate action for damages and treat the contract as operative and wait till the time of performance arrives. X contracted to supply to Y 500 pieces of wine bottle on 5th December 2005. But before the due date of performance, X informed Y that he is not going to supply the wine bottle at all. On Xs refusal to supply the goods, the anticipatory breach of the contract occurs. And Y put an end to the contract. Anticipatory breach is stated. Repudiation Repudiation will be established if the conduct of Party A, whether verbal or otherwise, conveyed to Party B demonstrates Party As inability to perform the contract, or an intention not to perform its obligations. The repudiation depends on the objective acts of the parties where if the Party A was such as to convey to a reasonable person in the position of Party B, repudiation of the contract as a whole, or of a fundamental obligation under it. Repudiation may occur at any time between formation of the contract and completion. A clear inability or unwillingness to perform a fundamental obligation at a stipulated essential time by Party A is an anticipatory breach, entitling Party B to terminate the contract. It should be noted that the repudiation itself does not bring the contract to an end; the innocent party must accept the repudiation and terminate the contract in order to trigger a right to damages. Choose ONE Remoteness - test explained and applied Quantum estimate explain how you decided on this amount Remoteness When any damage or loss occurs in the breach of contract the party who suffered the damages must prove the facts where the damages have occur. The damage can be fixed when the remoteness of damage can be demonstrated. In the famous case of Hadley v Baxendale1 it was found that the party who suffered the loss is not too remote. Here, the party need to prove or establish foreseeable o the damages. The damages can be occur due to the breach the contract and loss should be referred as a direct loss and indirect loss under some special circumstances. The court has declared that the when a party breach the contract, the innocent party can claim the damages where the liable of losses has reasonably foreseeable which is the direct loss. Here, the indirect loss only applicable is according to the demonstration of those losses by the innocent party. The remoteness of damage test only applicable where the direct and indirect losses has been approved. The consequential loss or damage is the alternative terminology to the indirect loss. In Hadley v Baxendale1 case was a example where the remoteness test has been applied. Choose ONE Fact example of when cancellation would apply. Give legal reason including section Explain law for cancellation Fact example When any contract is breached and the party who is the sufferer has financial loss, he r she is entitled to compensation. That person has right to end the contract and the contract allow the cancellation which has several significance to breach the contract. Restraint of Trade Insert your clause here: Factors Explain the application of the factor in your clause. The restraint of trade is defining the clauses where the employees have the allowance to confidential or commercially sensitive business information to start a new business. It prohibits the period after the employee ends their employment Interpretation and common clauses In New Zealand, the Employment Contracts Act 1991 guides employment agreements[11]. It represents the contents of the contracts regarding the employment. The purpose of this Act is to maintain a flexible working environment with multi skilling task and enhance the utility regarding to the performance pay. The Act was enacted in the year 1991. It based on the amicable relationship between employer and employee. There is a provision regarding the negotiation process between the employer and employee and a provision regarding the impact of this Act on the economic structure has been discussed. An interpretation regarding the Act has shown some effects, such as it is an unknown fact that what would happened to the industrial system in the absence of the Act, almost every employment-based factors has a common economic outcomes and it is difficult to identify the importance of these factors or any one of such factors. Essential Clause Application Your clause 1. In Attorney-General of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd. it was observed that the Employment Contract Act has some essential terms that can be divided into two parts namely, express terms and implied terms[12]. An implied terms is divided into three parts namely terms implied by customs, terms implied by law and terms implied in fact In customary terms, it should be well established that the custom are well known to both the party and they must be certain and reasonable. The customary terms should not oppose the express terms. In Lawrence v Power, it was held that a term could be an implied one even if the parties are completely unaware of it[13]. In New Zealand, the concept of commercial law develops a recognition relating to the large part of custom. 2. The terms relating to statutes are based on some Acts that are contained within the Employment Contract Act. As per the provision of the Act, the statute-based terms are implied within some particular kinds of contract. Sale of Goods Act 1908, Marine Insurance Act 1906, and Property Law Act 2007 are some instances of Acts that consist of statutory terms[14]. In case of determining the factual terms, the Privy Council of New Zealand has categorized some criteria that are the terms should not be unfair in nature. The terms ought not to provide benefit to any one contractual party. The terms of the contract should be relevant one. In case of a business related contract, the terms should be business oriented and should have created a business efficacy. In The Power Co, Ltd v, Gore District Council it was held that the terms of an employment contract should be obvious. The factual terms should be expressed clearly. A. Optional Clauses Application Your clause with reason 1. Rights of the employees In the employment contract, the employees and employers are enjoying reciprocal duties with each other. The Employment Contract Act was enacted in New Zealand with a view to establish a fair working environment in every job-based sector. It is the duty of the employers and employees to act in good faith[15]. An employee has accrued certain rights from either the employment agreement or employment Act[16]. These rights are known as the minimum rights of the employee. Every employee is deserved an employment agreement that need to be signed by both the employer and employee. Those employees who have attained the age of sixteen years are eligible to get minimum remuneration rate for the adult. There should be a ten minutes gap after every 4 hours working period. If the working terms exceed 4 hours, there should be an unpaid meal break for 30 minutes. The employees have a right to get daily wages even on the public holidays. In New Zealand, every employee is enjoying a legal right relati ng to his or her employment. 2. Responsibility of the employers it is the duty of every employer to pay the employees as per the employment agreement. The remuneration should be as per the law[17]. It is one of the responsibilities of the employer to provide every employee four weeks annual holidays in a year. The terms of sick leave that are to be provided to the employees should be at least five days in a year. It is the duty of the employer to act in good faith with the employees and provide them work places that are safe in nature. Employer should not deduct money from the wages unlawfully. It is the duty of every employer to see that the employees should not face any type of harassment during the working hour or in any work place[18]. Harassment resists the free communication within the job sphere. Moreover, the harassment is considered as illegal by the law of New Zealand. B. Minimum Rights explained How this affects your business - Choose THREE to comment on C. Employers responsibilities explained How this affects your business - Choose THREE to comment on Reference Arbel, Yonathan A. "Contract Remedies in Action: Specific Performance." (2015). Astrauskaite, Milda, et al. "Workplace harassment: Deterring role of transformational leadership and core job characteristics."Scandinavian Journal of Management31.1 (2015): 121-135. Barker, David. Law made simple. Routledge, 2014. Barnett, Randy E., and Nathan B. Oman. Contracts: Cases and doctrine. Wolters Kluwer Law Business, 2016. Cardoso, Henriquec Lopes, et al. "ANTE: A Framework Integrating Negotiation, Norms and Trust." Social coordination frameworks for social technical systems. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 27-45. Cooper, Rae, and Marian Baird. "Bringing the right to request flexible working arrangements to life: from policies to practices."Employee Relations37.5 (2015): 568-581. Dawkins, Cedric E. "The principle of good faith: Toward substantive stakeholder engagement."Journal of Business Ethics121.2 (2014): 283-295. Freedland, Mark, et al., eds.The contract of employment. Oxford University Press, 2016. Furmston, Michael Philip. Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford university press, 2017. Furmston, Michael Philip. Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford university press, 2017. George, Tracey E., and Russell Korobkin. K: A Common Law Approach to Contracts. Wolters Kluwer Law Business, 2016. Haff, Maurice W., et al. "Method, apparatus and system for regulating electronic mail." U.S. Patent No. 9,626,655. 18 Apr. 2017. Humpage, Louise. "A Common Sense of the Times? Neo?liberalism and Changing Public Opinion in New Zealand and the UK."Social Policy Administration50.1 (2016): 79-98. Kelsey, Jane. The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment?. Bridget Williams Books, 2015. Lpez, M. Jos Reyes. "Obligations and remedies under a related service contract." European Perspectives on the Common European Sales Law. Springer International Publishing, 2015. 225-241. Mendelson, Danuta, and Ian Heywood. "Minors decision-making capacity to refuse life-saving and life-sustaining treatment: legal and psychiatric perspectives." (2014). Murty, K. S. N. "Some Problems in Formation of Contract." (2015). O'Sullivan, Janet, and Jonathan Hilliard. The law of contract. Oxford University Press, 2016. Robertson, Andrew. "The limits of interpretation in the law of contract."Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.47 (2016): 191. Samuel, Geoffrey. Law of Obligations Legal Remedies. Routledge, 2013. Shang, Wenfang, and Lei Yang. "Contract negotiation and risk preferences in dual-channel supply chain coordination." International Journal of Production Research 53.16 (2015): 4837-4856. Szczerbowski, Jakub J. "Formation of Contract." European Perspectives on the Common European Sales Law. Springer International Publishing, 2015. 37-44. Tang, Zheng Sophia. Electronic consumer contracts in the conflict of laws. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. Toussaint, Nigel D., et al. "Implementation of renal key performance indicators: promoting improved clinical practice."Nephrology20.3 (2015): 184-193. Townley, Anthony, and Mehdi Riazi. "Analysis of authentic legal negotiation: Implications for teaching contract negotiation to undergraduate law students." International Journal of Language Studies 8.4 (2014). Turner, Chris. Unlocking contract law. Routledge, 2013. Wang, Faye Fangfei. Law of electronic commercial transactions: Contemporary issues in the EU, US and China. Routledge, 2014. White, Douglas. "A Personal Perspective on Legislation: Northern Milk Revisited-Soured or Still Fresh."Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.47 (2016): 699. [1] 9)Szczerbowski, Jakub J. "Formation of Contract." European Perspectives on the Common European Sales Law. Springer International Publishing, 2015. 37-44. [2] Murty, K. S. N. "Some Problems in Formation of Contract." (2015). 10)Murty, K. S. N. "Some Problems in Formation of Contract." (2015).[3] [4] Wang, Faye Fangfei. Law of electronic commercial transactions: Contemporary issues in the EU, US and China. Routledge, 2014. [5] Wang, Faye Fangfei. Law of electronic commercial transactions: Contemporary issues in the EU, US and China. Routledge, 2014 [6] Haff, Maurice W., et al. "Method, apparatus and system for regulating electronic mail." U.S. Patent No. 9,626,655. 18 Apr. 2017. [7] Wang, Faye Fangfei. Law of electronic commercial transactions: Contemporary issues in the EU, US and China. Routledge, 2014. [8] Mendelson, Danuta, and Ian Heywood. "Minors decision-making capacity to refuse life-saving and life-sustaining treatment: legal and psychiatric perspectives." (2014). [9] Townley, Anthony, and Mehdi Riazi. "Analysis of authentic legal negotiation: Implications for teaching contract negotiation to undergraduate law students." International Journal of Language Studies 8.4 (2014). [10]Turner, Chris. Unlocking contract law. Routledge, 2013. [11] Freedland, Mark, et al., eds.The contract of employment. Oxford University Press, 2016. [12] Robertson, Andrew. "The limits of interpretation in the law of contract."Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.47 (2016): 191. [13] Toussaint, Nigel D., et al. "Implementation of renal key performance indicators: promoting improved clinical practice."Nephrology20.3 (2015): 184-193. [14] White, Douglas. "A Personal Perspective on Legislation: Northern Milk Revisited-Soured or Still Fresh."Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.47 (2016): 699. [15] Dawkins, Cedric E. "The principle of good faith: Toward substantive stakeholder engagement."Journal of Business Ethics121.2 (2014): 283-295. [16] Cooper, Rae, and Marian Baird. "Bringing the right to request flexible working arrangements to life: from policies to practices."Employee Relations37.5 (2015): 568-581. [17] Humpage, Louise. "A Common Sense of the Times? Neo?liberalism and Changing Public Opinion in New Zealand and the UK."Social Policy Administration50.1 (2016): 79-98. [18] Astrauskaite, Milda, et al. "Workplace harassment: Deterring role of transformational leadership and core job characteristics."Scandinavian Journal of Management31.1 (2015): 121-135.